Urban street structure and traffic safety
October 29, 2025Changes in drivers’ viewing frequency, maneuver duration, and degree of difficulty during back-in parking maneuver with different conditions of parking spaces
October 31, 2025Research Article
The High Cost of Free Parking
By Shoup, D.
Full Citation
Shoup, D. (1997). The high cost of free parking. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 17(1), 3-20.
Key Findings
The study documents that the prevalent practice of offering free parking leads to increased automobile dependence, urban sprawl, and inefficient land use. In addition, off-street parking mandates result in an oversupply of parking, inflating construction costs and encouraging car usage. Recommendations are provided for "right-sizing" parking supply.